OPEC
Reihaneh Larijani; Zahra Karimi; SeyedKamal Sadeghi; Reza Ranjpour
Abstract
For estimating the oil price fluctuations effects on banking system and its relationship with macroeconomy, banking system fragility index has been used in this study. Using Kibritçioglu (2003), an index for banking fragility has been calculated. Then, for investigation of interactions between ...
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For estimating the oil price fluctuations effects on banking system and its relationship with macroeconomy, banking system fragility index has been used in this study. Using Kibritçioglu (2003), an index for banking fragility has been calculated. Then, for investigation of interactions between variables, vector autoregressive Markov switching models. Because, different regimes are recognized by taking oil price effects on the economy and banking system into account, Vector autoregressive Markov switching models with three regimes (high, moderate, and low) and one lag has been estimated. Findings show that after oil shock banking fragility index has lowest rate in regime with low risk and in low risk or stable regime, oil price rise makes economic and banking system conditions better. In moderate risk regime, such rise with stable condition economic conditions makes better and low risk regime emerges although it has higher level of banking fragility. In high-risk regime, oil price shocks make economic as well as banking system conditions worse.
Seyed Kamal Sadeghi; Zahra Karimi Takanlou; Mohammad Ali Motefakker Azad; Hossein Asgharpour Ghourchi; Yaghoub Andayesh
Volume 5, 17(2) , October 2015, , Pages 30-13
Abstract
In recent decades the more releaseing emissions from energy consumption, have had more damaging effects on the environment. The share of some of the manufacturing sectors have been more than other sectors and may vary from one country to another one. However, each country have the capacity to absorb ...
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In recent decades the more releaseing emissions from energy consumption, have had more damaging effects on the environment. The share of some of the manufacturing sectors have been more than other sectors and may vary from one country to another one. However, each country have the capacity to absorb pollutants by its biological status. Carbon, Methane and Nitrous Oxide are the most important greenhouse gases that are emitted more than their biological potentials having harmful effects on the environment. In this paper, the footprint of these gases of agriculture sub-sectors is studied by using Social Accounting Matrix 1390. The results indicate that the total Carbon footprint, Methane and Nitrous Oxide are respectively 646 million tons, 51 thousand tons and 12 thousand tons and the share of agriculture sectors are 10.2 percent, 10.5 percent and 17 percent.Sub-sectors of wheat and animal husbandry have the biggest footprints.
Mohammadali Motafakker Azad; Zahra Karimi Takanlo; Mohammadreza Salmani Bishak; Elnaz Hasan Nezhad Daneshmand
Volume 5, Issue 17 , December 2014, , Pages 48-23
Abstract
In recent decades, the process of globalization and its effects have resulted in movements on the side of ethnic minorities, called ethnic conflicts and ethnic tensions in developing countries particularly in those with ethnic varieties. On the other hand, increase in social and political awareness leads ...
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In recent decades, the process of globalization and its effects have resulted in movements on the side of ethnic minorities, called ethnic conflicts and ethnic tensions in developing countries particularly in those with ethnic varieties. On the other hand, increase in social and political awareness leads to reinforced morale and solidarity towards common national preferences and interests besides an increased plea for pacifism and social and political equilibrium on the side of minorities. As a consequence, this new stable and peaceful status will pave the path for economic growth as a results of which access to social and economic rights will be facilitated and injustice will decrease. Finally, the foregoing results will lead to decreased violence and conflicts and the provision of more facilities under this new air of mutual understanding. In this study, we examined the effect of economic –social variables on ethnic tensions in selected 11 countries of the MENA (Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates) by using panel data for (1984-2009) period. Results show that economic - social variables (unemployment, inflation, income inequality) have positive significant effects on ethnic conflicts. On the other side, economic growth has negative significant effect on ethnic conflict.
